Our Secret Universe The Hidden Life Of The Cell Download

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Line From To It takes 120 trillion cells to make a human. 0:00:02 0:00:06 They are the fundamental units of life, 0:00:07 0:00:11 making up our brain, muscles, organs - every part of us. 0:00:11 0:00:16 In the last decade, 0:00:21 0:00:22 scientists have been able to witness what once seemed impossible - 0:00:22 0:00:26 the world inside a human cell. 0:00:26 0:00:29 When I was a student, 0:00:35 0:00:37 the idea that we could burrow deep inside a living cell was unthinkable. 0:00:37 0:00:41 Recent advances have made it so scientists can see inside cells 0:00:44 0:00:48 like never before. 0:00:48 0:00:49 We can see the parts of single cells and how they work together.

0:00:49 0:00:53 The more we learn about the universe, the simpler it seems. 0:00:55 0:00:58 But the cell isn't like that.

0:00:58 0:01:00 The more we find out, the more complicated things get. 0:01:00 0:01:04 But these beautiful worlds are also on the front line of the longest war 0:01:05 0:01:09 in history. 0:01:09 0:01:11 This is a battle that goes back into the depths of time, 0:01:11 0:01:15 to a time when the earth was dominated by single cells and viruses. 0:01:15 0:01:19 Every day, our cells confront these ancient virus enemies, 0:01:19 0:01:23 tiny, ruthless machines that kill to reproduce. Kannada stories in kannada. 0:01:23 0:01:27 There is this whole mechanism inside cells that are taking out viruses 0:01:27 0:01:31 that previously we just didn't know was there.

0:01:31 0:01:34 It is a four-billion-year-old struggle that has changed the course 0:01:34 0:01:38 of our evolution. 0:01:38 0:01:39 This battle of these viruses against your cells, 0:01:40 0:01:44 this amazing, epic science fiction movie, 0:01:44 0:01:47 it's going on inside your body all the time, 0:01:47 0:01:50 and you don't even know it. 0:01:50 0:01:52 Cells are the basic building blocks of living tissue, 0:02:16 0:02:22 and the smallest units of what makes us human.

0:02:22 0:02:25 And yet. 0:02:27 0:02:29.beneath the surface of every one lies a world stranger 0:02:30 0:02:36 than any in science fiction. 0:02:36 0:02:38 A world in which a billion microscopic machines 0:02:42 0:02:46 all play their part, working in concert through every second 0:02:46 0:02:50 of our life. 0:02:50 0:02:52 Every one of us in made of 120 trillion cells, 0:02:53 0:02:57 and every one of those cells is different. 0:02:57 0:02:59 But they contain the same instructions. 0:02:59 0:03:01 Cells are a bit like babies.

When they're born, they all look the same 0:03:01 0:03:05 but they change very quickly. 0:03:05 0:03:06 In different countries they learn to speak different languages, 0:03:06 0:03:09 and our bodies are like that - some cells speak heart, 0:03:09 0:03:12 and some cells speak liver. 0:03:12 0:03:13 The workers of this incredible world are proteins, 0:03:17 0:03:21 chains of complex chemicals 0:03:21 0:03:24 that can lock together to transform into spectacular machines. 0:03:24 0:03:29 Others work to create incredible structures, 0:03:31 0:03:34 like the internal skeleton that holds the cell together. 0:03:34 0:03:38 These great trusses are constantly adjusting to stresses and strains, 0:03:38 0:03:43 building and rebuilding to give the cell its shape and strength. 0:03:43 0:03:48 Then there are the motor-proteins, haulage workers that use 0:03:51 0:03:54 the cell's skeleton as highways to deliver food, chemicals 0:03:54 0:03:58 and the essential building materials of life to wherever they are needed.

0:03:58 0:04:02 They are just one of the astonishing micro machines that keep 0:04:06 0:04:10 this bustling community healthy. 0:04:10 0:04:13 Scientists are asked all the time, how do things in a cell know 0:04:13 0:04:16 how to get where they're supposed to go to do their job? 0:04:16 0:04:19 And for sure cells are very chaotic and things are bumping 0:04:19 0:04:22 into each other and most of that's just random. 0:04:22 0:04:24 But enough things get where they're supposed to go 0:04:24 0:04:28 that the entire system works. 0:04:28 0:04:29 And powering all this activity are the cell's power stations. 0:04:32 0:04:36 Inside these free-floating structures called mitochondria, 0:04:38 0:04:42 turbines spin at over 1,000 times per minute.